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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 272: G1581-G1586, 1997;
0193-1857/97 $5.00
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AJP - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol 272, Issue 6 1581-G1586, Copyright © 1997 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Kupffer cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel

K. Ikejima, W. Qu, R. F. Stachlewitz and R. G. Thurman
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7365, USA.

Here the effect of glycine on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured Kupffer cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated to assess the possibility that they contain a glycine-gated chloride channel. LPS (10 micrograms/ml) increased [Ca2+]i rapidly, with peak values reaching 307 +/- 29 nM. Glycine (1 mM) prevented this increase nearly completely. Low concentrations of strychnine (1 microM), a glycine receptor antagonist, reversed the inhibitory effect of glycine completely; however, high concentrations of strychnine (1 mM) mimicked glycine. The effects of glycine and high-dose strychnine were prevented when cells were incubated in chloride-free buffer. Furthermore, potassium (25 mM) and LPS depolarized the Kupffer cell plasma membrane, whereas glycine caused hyperpolarization and prevented depolarization due to potassium and LPS. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in cultured Kupffer cells due to LPS was decreased significantly by glycine. Therefore, it is concluded that Kupffer cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel similar to that described previously in the central nervous system. Prevention of increases in [Ca2+]i due to LPS by activation of chloride influx reduced synthesis and release of toxic mediators by Kupffer cells.


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