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Intestinal Disease Research Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
The immunomodulatory properties of bacterial
superantigens (SAgs) have been defined, yet comparatively little is
known of how SAgs may affect enteric physiology.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B
(SEB) was used to examine the ability of SAgs to alter epithelial ion
transport. BALB/c mice, severe combined immunodeficient (SCID, lack T
cells) mice, or SCID mice reconstituted with lymphocytes or
CD4+ T cells received SEB
intraperitoneally, and jejunal segments were examined in Ussing
chambers; controls received saline only. Baseline short-circuit current
(Isc, indicates
net ion transport) and
Isc responses
evoked by electrical nerve stimulation, histamine, carbachol, or
forskolin were recorded. Serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and
interferon-
(IFN-) were measured. SEB-treated BALB/c mice showed elevated serum IL-2 and IFN- levels, and jejunal segments displayed a time- and dose-dependent increase in baseline Isc compared with
controls. Conversely, evoked ion secretion was selectively reduced in
jejunum from SEB-treated mice. Elevated cytokine levels and changes in
jejunal Isc were
not observed in SEB-treated SCID mice. In contrast, SCID mice
reconstituted with T cells were responsive to SEB challenge as shown by
increased cytokine production and altered jejunal
Isc responses
that were similar to those observed in jejunum from SEB-treated BALB/c
mice. We conclude that exposure to a model bacterial SAg causes
distinct changes in epithelial physiology and that these events can be mediated by CD4+ T cells.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B; intestine
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