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Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
The enteric nervous system is derived from the
vagal, rostral-truncal, and sacral levels of the neural crest. Because
the crest-derived population that colonizes the bowel contains
multipotent cells, terminal differentiation occurs in the gut and is
influenced by both the enteric microenvironment and the responsivity of
multiple lineages of precursors. Enteric growth factor-receptor
combinations, which promote the development of enteric neurons
and/or glia in most of the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract, include glial cell line-derived neurotrophic
factor-GFR
-1-Ret, NT-3-TrkC, a still-to-be-identified neuropoietic
cytokine-ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor-
, serotonin
(5-HT)-5-HT2B, and LBP110, a
110-kDa laminin-1 binding protein. A qualitatively different effect is
shown by the peptide-receptor combination
ET-3-ETB, which inhibits neuronal
differentiation and appears to prevent the premature differentiation of
enteric neurons before colonization of the GI tract has been completed (resulting in aganglionosis of the terminal colon).
growth factors; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; Ret; endothelin-3; endothelin B; serotonin; Hirschsprung's disease
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