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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 275: G1454-G1462, 1998;
0193-1857/98 $5.00
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Vol. 275, Issue 6, G1454-G1462, December 1998

Rho A regulates sustained smooth muscle contraction through cytoskeletal reorganization of HSP27

Pinglang Wang and Khalil N. Bitar

Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0656

The ras-related protein Rho p21 regulates various actin-dependent functions, including smooth muscle contraction. However, the precise mechanism of action of Rho p21 is still not clear. We report here that Rho A is a key regulator of agonist-induced contractile effects in rabbit colonic smooth muscle. Endothelin-1 and C2 ceramide were used. Both seem to activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) through G protein and pp60src, respectively. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting revealed one form of 21-kDa Rho A that translocated from the cytosol to the membrane in response to stimulation by either endothelin (10-7 M) or ceramide (10-7 M) (~30% increase at 30 s that was sustained at 4 min). The translocation of Rho A to the membrane was confirmed by immunostaining. The translocation of Rho A was inhibited by Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, which ADP ribosylated Rho A, but was not inhibited by the pp60src inhibitor herbimycin A or by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C, suggesting that Rho A may be upstream of pp60src and PKC or may belong to a different pathway than these proteins. Both ceramide- and endothelin-induced PI 3-kinase activation was inhibited by C3 exoenzyme pretreatment. However, the C3 exoenzyme inhibited endothelin- but not ceramide-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, indicating that Rho regulates ceramide- and endothelin-induced contraction through different pathways. Furthermore, the dominant negative form of Rho (N19Rho) inhibited the actin binding protein, 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27), reorganization in response to ceramide and endothelin observed under confocal microscopy.

signal transduction; ceramide; endothelin; actin


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