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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 276: G155-G163, 1999;
0193-1857/99 $5.00
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Vol. 276, Issue 1, G155-G163, January 1999

Thyroid hormone regulation of rat hepatocyte proliferation and polyploidization

Santiago Torres1, Blanca P. Díaz1, Juan J. Cabrera2, Juan C. Díaz-Chico1, Bonifacio N. Díaz-Chico1, and Antonio López-Guerra1

1 Laboratorio de Fisiología, Departamento de Endocrinología Celular y Molecular y 2 Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud and Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35080, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain

The liver of adult mammals contains various classes of polyploid hepatocytes produced by a process that is partially regulated by hormones. However, it is not well understood how the hormones affect the rate of hepatocyte proliferation under physiological conditions. Here we have studied the specific roles of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), growth hormone (GH), and sex steroids on the percentage of diploid nuclei in S phase and on the population of liver tetraploid (4C) cell nuclei in several rat model systems. Gonadal steroids had no effect on the S phase but account for gender differences in the 4C nuclei. Hypophysectomy in adult male rats produced a moderate decrease in 4C nuclei that was reversed by treatment with 25 µg T3 · kg-1 · day-1, whereas treatment with 200 µg human recombinant GH (hGH) · kg-1 · day-1 was ineffective. Rats made hypothyroid by methimazole treatment of dams and pups until death showed a low S phase and only 5% of 4C nuclei at 70 days of age. T3 significantly increased the S phase 24 h after administration and restored the adult normal level of 4C nuclei after 10 days of treatment. hGH did not affect the 4C nuclei or the S phase in the hypothyroid rats. These results suggest that the processes of hepatocyte proliferation and polyploidization of the rat liver are under endocrine control, with thyroid hormones playing the essential regulatory role.

liver polyploidy; flow cytometry; cell cycle


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