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Institut de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
The epithelial
Na+ channel (ENaC) controls the
rate-limiting step in the process of transepithelial
Na+ reabsorption in the distal
nephron, the distal colon, and the airways. Hereditary salt-losing
syndromes have been ascribed to loss of function mutations in the
-,
-, or
-ENaC subunit genes, whereas gain of function mutations
(located in the COOH terminus of the
- or
-subunit) result in
hypertension due to Na+ retention
(Liddle's syndrome). In mice, gene-targeting experiments have shown
that, in addition to the kidney salt-wasting phenotype, ENaC was
essential for lung fluid clearance in newborn mice. Disruption of the
-subunit resulted in a complete abolition of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport, whereas knockout of
the
- or
-subunit had only minor effects on fluid clearance in
lung. Disruption of each of the three subunits resulted in a
salt-wasting syndrome similar to that observed in humans.
hypertension; pseudohypoaldosteronism; transgenic mice
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