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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 276: G1235-G1242, 1999;
0193-1857/99 $5.00
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Vol. 276, Issue 5, G1235-G1242, May 1999

Gastrointestinal responses to a panel of lectins in rats maintained on total parenteral nutrition

Mark Jordinson1, Robert A. Goodlad2, Audrey Brynes1, Philip Bliss1, Mohammad A. Ghatei1, Stephen R. Bloom1, Anthony Fitzgerald1, George Grant3, Susan Bardocz3, Arpad Pusztai3, Massimo Pignatelli1, and John Calam1

1 Imperial College School of Medicine, Division of Investigative Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN; 2 Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A3PX; and 3 Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB219SB, United Kingdom

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) causes atrophy of gastrointestinal epithelia, so we asked whether lectins that stimulate epithelial proliferation can reverse this effect of TPN. Two lectins stimulate pancreatic proliferation by releasing CCK, so we asked whether lectins that stimulate gastrointestinal proliferation also release hormones that might mediate their effects. Six rats per group received continuous infusion of TPN and a once daily bolus dose of purified lectin (25 mg · rat-1 · day-1) or vehicle alone (control group) for 4 days via an intragastric cannula. Proliferation rates were estimated by metaphase arrest, and hormones were measured by RIAs. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) increased proliferation by 90% in the gastric fundus (P < 0.05), doubled proliferation in the small intestine (P < 0.001), and had a small effect in the midcolon (P < 0.05). Peanut agglutinin (PNA) had a minor trophic effect in the proximal small intestine (P < 0.05) and increased proliferation by 166% in the proximal colon (P < 0.001) and by 40% in the midcolon (P < 0.001). PNA elevated circulating gastrin and CCK by 97 (P < 0.05) and 81% (P < 0.01), respectively, and PHA elevated plasma enteroglucagon by 69% and CCK by 60% (both P < 0.05). Only wheat germ agglutinin increased the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 by 100% (P < 0.05). PHA and PNA consistently reverse the fall in gastrointestinal and pancreatic growth associated with TPN in rats. Both lectins stimulated the release of specific hormones that may have been responsible for the trophic effects. It is suggested that lectins could be used to prevent gastrointestinal atrophy during TPN. Their hormone-releasing effects might be involved.

stomach; small intestine; colon; pancreas; hormones


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Acidomucin goblet cell expansion induced by parenteral nutrition in the small intestine of piglets
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2002; 283(5): G1185 - G1196.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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