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1 Department of Molecular
Medicine,
Gastrin stimulates
the growth of gastric mucosa by increasing mostly its glandular region
but is not known to induce the growth of a pit region where its major
constituent cells, gastric surface mucous (GSM) cells, turn over
rapidly. To investigate the effect of gastrin on GSM cells, we
generated hypergastrinemic mice by expressing a human gastrin
transgene. We obtained a hypergastrinemic mouse line whose average
serum gastrin level is 671 ± 252 pg/ml (normal level <150 pg/ml).
Gastrin-positive cells were found in the fundic mucosa. The gastric
mucosa exhibited hypertrophic growth, which was characterized by an
elongated pit with an active proliferative zone, but the glandular
region containing parietal cells was normal or reduced in size. The GSM
cells contained fewer mucous granules than those of control littermates
and lost reactivity to the GSM cell-specific cholera toxin 
-subunit
lectin. GSM cells along the foveolar region and many mucous neck cells
became Alcian blue positive, suggesting the appearance of sialomucin in
these cells. We suggest that gastrin stimulates the growth of the
proliferative zone of gastric glands, which results in the elongation
of the pit region whose GSM cells exhibit less-differentiated features.
gastric mucosa; gastric surface mucous cells; gastrin binding
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