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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: G89-G97, 2000;
0193-1857/00 $5.00
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Vol. 278, Issue 1, G89-G97, January 2000

Gene expression of activin, activin receptors, and follistatin in intestinal epithelial cells

Kei Sonoyama, Suriya Rutatip, and Takanori Kasai

Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan

Gene expression of activin, activin receptors, and follistatin was investigated in vivo and in vitro using semiquantitative RT-PCR in intestinal epithelial cells. Rat jejunum and the intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 expressed mRNA encoding the beta A-subunit of activin, alpha -subunit of inhibin, activin receptors IB and IIA, and follistatin. An epithelial cell isolation study focused along the crypt-villus axis in rat jejunum showed that beta A mRNA levels were eight- to tenfold higher in villus cells than in crypt cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of activin A in upper villus cells. The human intestinal cell line Caco-2 was used as a differentiation model of enterocytes. Four- to fivefold induction of beta A mRNA was observed in postconfluent Caco-2 cells grown on filter but not in those cells grown on plastic. In contrast, follistatin mRNA was seen to be reduced after reaching confluence. Exogenous activin A dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation and stimulated the expression of apolipoprotein A-IV gene, a differentiation marker, in IEC-6 cells. These results suggest that the activin system is involved in the regulation of such cellular functions as proliferation and differentiation in intestinal epithelial cells.

IEC-6; Caco-2; RT-PCR; crypt-villus axis; differentiation


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