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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: G185-G190, 2000;
0193-1857/00 $5.00
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Vol. 278, Issue 2, G185-G190, February 2000

THEMES
Lessons from Genetically Engineered Animal Models
VIII. Absorption and secretion of ions in the gastrointestinal tract*

Gary E. Shull1, Marian L. Miller2, and Patrick J. Schultheis3

1 Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and 2 Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267; and 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41099

Absorption and secretion of ions in gastrointestinal and other epithelial tissues require the concerted activities of ion pumps, channels, symporters, and exchangers, which operate in coupled systems to mediate transepithelial transport. Our understanding of the identities, membrane locations, and biochemical activities of epithelial ion transporters has advanced significantly in recent years, but major gaps and uncertainties remain in our understanding of their physiological functions. Increasingly, this problem is being addressed by the analysis of mutant mouse models developed by gene targeting. In this review, we discuss gene knockout studies of the secretory isoform of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, isoforms 1, 2, and 3 of the Na+/H+ exchanger, and the colonic H+-K+-ATPase. This approach is leading to a clearer understanding of the functions of these transporters in the living animal.

embryonic stem cells; acid secretion; chloride secretion; sodium absorption; potassium absorption

* Eighth in a series of invited articles on Lessons From Genetically Engineered Animal Models.




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