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-regulated transcription
factors that control pancreatic cell growth
1 Gastroenterology Research Unit, 2 Department of Molecular Neurosciences, and 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55901
The
control of epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and
apoptosis requires a balance between signaling and transcriptional regulation. Recent developments in pancreatic cell research have revealed that transforming growth factor-
(TGF-
) signaling is important for the regulation of each of these phenomena. More importantly, perturbations in this pathway are associated with pancreatic cancer. A chief example of these alterations is the mutation
in the TGF-
-regulated transcription factor Smad4/DPC4 that is found
in a large percentage of pancreatic tumors. Surprisingly, studies on
transcription factors have remained an underrepresented area of
pancreatic research. However, the discovery of Smad4/DPC4 as a
transcription factor fueled further studies aimed at characterizing transcription factors involved in normal and neoplastic pancreatic cell
growth. Our laboratory recently described the existence of a novel
family of zinc finger transcription factors, TGF-
-inducible early-response gene (TIEG)1 and TIEG2, from the exocrine pancreas that,
similarly to Smads, participate in the TGF-
response and inhibit
epithelial cell proliferation. This review therefore focuses on
describing the structure and function of these two families of
transcription factor proteins that are becoming key players in the
regulation of pancreatic cell growth.
early-response genes; apoptosis; proliferation; differentiation; zinc finger transcription factor
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