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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 279: G186-G191, 2000;
0193-1857/00 $5.00
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Vol. 279, Issue 1, G186-G191, July 2000

Enteric microflora contribute to constitutive ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells

Shunichiro Komatsu1, Rodney D. Berg2, Janice M. Russell3, Yuji Nimura1, and D. Neil Granger3

Departments of 3 Molecular and Cellular Physiology and 2 Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130; and 1 First Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan

Quantitative estimates of endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression have revealed that some adhesion molecules [e.g., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)] are abundantly expressed in different vascular beds under normal conditions. The objective of this study was to determine whether the enteric microflora contribute to the constitutive expression of ICAM-1 and other endothelial cell adhesion molecules in the gastrointestinal tract and other regional vascular beds. The dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique was used to measure endothelial expression of ICAM-1, ICAM-2, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in conventional, germ-free mice and germ-free mice receiving the cecal contents of conventional mice to reestablish the enteric microflora (total association). Constitutive ICAM-1 expression was significantly lower in the splanchnic organs (pancreas, stomach, small and large intestine, mesentery, and liver), kidneys, skeletal muscle, and skin of germ-free mice compared with their conventional counterparts. These differences were abolished after total association of germ-free mice with the indigenous gastrointestinal flora. The expression of ICAM-2, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in the various tissues studied did not differ between conventional and germ-free mice. These findings indicate that the indigenous gastrointestinal microflora are responsible for a significant proportion of the basal ICAM-1 expression detected in both intestinal and extraintestinal tissues.

germ-free mice; leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion; inflammation; bacterial translocation; host defense


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