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1 Unité des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle; 2 Unité 476, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 13009 Marseille; 3 Service d'Hepato-Gastro-Enterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, 13015 Marseille; and 4 Clintec Technologies, Velizy, France
We aimed to provide basic data on the processing of vitamin A
and E in the human gastrointestinal tract and to assess whether the
size of emulsion fat globules affects the bioavailability of these
vitamins. Eight healthy men received intragastrically two lipid
formulas differing in their fat-globule median diameter (0.7 vs. 10.1 µm). Formulas provided 28 mg vitamin A as retinyl palmitate and 440 mg vitamin E as all-rac 
-tocopherol. Vitamins were measured in gastric and duodenal aspirates, as well as in chylomicrons, during the postprandial period. The gastric emptying rate
of lipids and vitamin A and E was similar. The free retinol/total vitamin A ratio was not significantly modified in the stomach, whereas
it was dramatically increased in the duodenum. The proportion of
ingested lipid and vitamins was very similar in the duodenal content.
The chylomicron response of lipids and vitamins was not significantly
different between the two emulsions. Our main conclusions are as
follows: 1) there is no significant metabolism of vitamin A
and E in the human stomach, 2) the enzyme(s) present in the duodenal lumen is significantly involved in the hydrolysis of retinyl
esters, and 3) the size of emulsion fat globules has no major effect on the overall absorption of vitamin A and E.
retinol; -tocopherol; bioavailability; emulsification; digestion
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