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Intestinal Disease Research Program and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
Slow waves determine
frequency and propagation characteristics of contractions in the small
intestine, yet little is known about mechanisms of slow wave
regulation. We propose a role for intracellular Ca2+,
inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive
Ca2+ release, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Ca2+ content in the regulation of slow wave frequency
because 1)
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-AM,
a cytosolic Ca2+ chelator, reduced the frequency or
abolished the slow waves; 2) thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic
acid (CPA), inhibitors of SR Ca2+-ATPase, decreased slow
wave frequency; 3) xestospongin C, a reversible, membrane-permeable blocker of IP3-induced Ca2+
release, abolished slow wave activity; 4) caffeine and
phospholipase C inhibitors (U-73122, neomycin, and
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate) inhibited slow wave frequency; 5) in the presence of CPA or
thapsigargin, stimulation of IP3 synthesis with carbachol,
norepinephrine, or phenylephrine acting on
1-adrenoceptors initially increased slow wave frequency
but thereafter increased the rate of frequency decline, 6)
thimerosal, a sensitizing agent of IP3 receptors increased slow wave frequency, and 7) ryanodine, a selective modulator
of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, had no effect on
slow wave frequency. In summary, these data are consistent with
a role of IP3-sensitive Ca2+ release and the
rate of SR Ca2+ refilling in regulation of intestinal slow
wave frequency.
pacemaker activity; intestinal motility; cation channel; smooth muscle; interstitial cell of Cajal
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