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1 Department of Pediatrics and Steele Memorial Children's Research Center, 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and 2 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is
the most common gastrointestinal disease of prematurely born infants.
Maternal milk plays an important protective role against NEC
development and is the major source of epidermal growth factor (EGF)
for neonates. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of orally
administered EGF on the incidence of NEC in a neonatal rat model.
Newborn rats were artificially fed either with growth factor-free rat
milk substitute (RMS) or RMS supplemented with 500 ng/ml of EGF
(RMS+EGF). Experimental NEC was induced by exposure to asphyxia and
cold stress. Development of NEC was evaluated by gross and histological scoring of damage in the ileum. Ileal EGF receptor (EGF-R), EGF, and
transforming growth factor-
mRNA expression was assessed by RT
competitive-PCR, and the EGF-R was localized by immunohistochemistry. EGF supplementation of formula reduced the incidence and severity of
NEC in rats (13/16 RMS vs. 4/13 RMS+EGF). Ileal EGF-R mRNA expression
was markedly increased in the RMS group compared with RMS+EGF. Enhanced
EGF-R expression in the RMS group was localized predominantly in the
epithelial cells of injured ileum. These data suggest a new potential
therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of NEC.
intestinal injury; inflammation; neonatal intestine; artificial feeding
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