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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 282: G470-G479, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00219.2001
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Vol. 282, Issue 3, G470-G479, March 2002

Localization and effects of orexin on fasting motility in the rat duodenum

E. Näslund1, M. Ehrström1, J. Ma3, P. M. Hellström2, and A. L. Kirchgessner3

1 The Division of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88 Stockholm; 2 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; and 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203

The orexins [orexin A (OXA) and orexin B (OXB)] are novel neuropeptides that increase food intake in rodents. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of orexin and orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R) in the rat duodenum and examine the effects of intravenous orexin on fasting gut motility. OXA-like immunoreactivity was found in varicose nerve fibers in myenteric and submucosal ganglia, the circular muscle, the mucosa, submucosal and myenteric neurons, and numerous endocrine cells of the mucosa. OXA neurons displayed choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity, and a subset contained vasoactive intestinal peptide. OXA-containing endocrine cells were identified as enterochromaffin (EC) cells based on the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity. OX1R was expressed by neural elements of the gut, and EC cells expressed OX2R. OXA at 100 and 500 pmol · kg-1 · min-1 significantly increased the myoelectric motor complex (MMC) cycle length compared with saline. Similarly, OXB increased the MMC cycle length at 100 pmol · kg-1 · min-1, but there was no further effect at 500 pmol · kg-1 · min-1. We postulate that orexins may affect the MMC through actions on enteric neurotransmission after being released from EC cells and/or enteric neurons.

migrating motor complex; orexin receptors; enteric ganglia; enterochromaffin cells


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