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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284: G154-G164, 2003. First published September 11, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00241.2002
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Vol. 284, Issue 1, G154-G164, January 2003

Neuroimmune interactions in guinea pig stomach and small intestine

Sumei Liu, Hong-Zhen Hu, Na Gao, Chuanyun Gao, Guodu Wang, Xiyu Wang, Owen C. Peck, Gordon Kim, Xiang Gao, Yun Xia, and Jackie D. Wood

Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio 43210

Enteric neuroimmune interactions in gastrointestinal hypersensitivity responses involve antigen detection by mast cells, mast cell degranulation, release of chemical mediators, and modulatory actions of the mediators on the enteric nervous system (ENS). Electrophysiological methods were used to investigate electrical and synaptic behavior of neurons in the stomach and small intestine during exposure to beta -lactoglobulin in guinea pigs sensitized to cow's milk. Application of beta -lactoglobulin to sensitized preparations depolarized the membrane potential and increased neuronal excitability in small intestinal neurons but not in gastric neurons. Effects on membrane potential and excitability in the small intestine were suppressed by the mast cell stabilizing drug ketotifen, the histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor piroxicam, and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor caffeic acid. Unlike small intestinal ganglion cells, gastric myenteric neurons did not respond to histamine applied exogenously. Antigenic exposure suppressed noradrenergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the small intestinal submucosal plexus. The histamine H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide and piroxicam, but not caffeic acid, prevented the allergic suppression of noradrenergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Antigenic stimulation of neuronal excitability and suppression of synaptic transmission occurred only in milk-sensitized animals. Results suggest that signaling between mast cells and the ENS underlies intestinal, but not gastric, anaphylactic responses associated with food allergies. Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are paracrine signals in the communication pathway from mast cells to the small intestinal ENS.

food allergy; enteric nervous system; enteric immune system; anaphylaxis; mast cells


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