Deglutitive inhibition attenuates ongoing esophageal contractions if swallows are separated by short time intervals. This study aimed to determine whether esophageal shortening, mediated by longitudinal muscle, was similarly affected. Eight healthy subjects with two distal esophageal segments demarcated by mucosal clips and manometric recording sites positioned within those segments underwent concurrent manometry and fluoroscopy. Peristaltic amplitude and change in distal segment lengths were quantified during single swallows, paired swallows separated by progressively prolonged intervals, and a series of rapid repetitive swallows. During grouped swallows, deglutitive inhibition with complete attenuation of both the manometric contraction and segment shortening was evident with short-interval swallows and rapid-sequence swallows. No inhibition of either was evident with long-interval pairs. With intermediate interswallow intervals, the occurrence and degree of deglutitive inhibition between peristaltic amplitude and segment shortening were closely correlated. Deglutitive inhibition affects both the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the esophageal wall, and the occurrence of inhibition evident in one layer is strongly correlated with the other.