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MUCOSAL BIOLOGY

A novel mitogenic protein that is highly expressed in cells of the gastric antrum mucosa

Departments of ¹Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, ²Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and ³Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637

Submitted 23 October 2002 ; accepted in final form 18 March 2003

Human and pig cDNAs for a novel stomach protein, the product of a gene expressed at high levels specifically in cells of the antrum mucosa, have been characterized. The general exon/intron structure of the genomic DNA is conserved in humans and mice. The predicted protein sequences of the human and mouse mRNAs contain 185 and 184 amino acids, respectively. The protein isolated from pig antral extracts has an NH₂ terminus consistent with cleavage of a 20-amino acid signal peptide. Human cDNA was expressed in E. coli to generate a protein antigen for antibody production. The antibodies detected polypeptides of 18 kDa in antrum extracts from all mammalian species tested. Immunocytochemistry located antrum mucosal protein (AMP)-18 to surface mucosal cells of the mouse antrum and, specifically, to secretion granules, suggesting that it is cosecreted with mucins. Antrum extracts and recombinant human AMP-18 exhibit growth-promoting activity on epithelial cells that can be blocked by the specific antisera. We suggest that AMP-18 is a "gastrokine" that maintains the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium.

growth factor; stomach; epithelium

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