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INFLAMMATION/IMMUNITY/MEDIATORS

Abdominal irradiation increases inflammatory cytokine expression and activates NF-B in rat ileal muscularis layer

Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, Human Health Protection and Dosimetry Division, Independent Section of Radiobiology Applied to Medecine, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France

Submitted 24 February 2003 ; accepted in final form 28 May 2003

The small bowel is an important dose-limiting organ in abdominal radiotherapy because irradiation can cause acute enteritis that, in turn, leads to progressively reduced motility and finally, in a later phase, to fibrosis. Because these clinical symptoms may be caused by the early stage of an inflammatory process, we characterized the radiation-induced intestinal inflammation in rats. Abdominal -irradiation (10-Gy) induced a cascade of inflammatory events characterized by an early (6 h after exposure) increase in IL-1, TNF-, and IL-6 mRNA levels in the rat ileal muscularis layer. IL-8 [a cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)] mRNA appeared later (at 3 days). The expression of TGF- (a profibrotic cytokine) was higher in irradiated than control tissue at day 1, whereas IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) expression vanished completely. Despite strong IL-1ra expression, the IL-1ra/IL-1 ratio, which is an indicator of inflammatory balance, was -41% at day 1 in irradiated compared with control tissue. The nuclear transcription factors NF-B and activator protein-1 (AP-1) govern transcription of these genes, directly or indirectly. Although expression of the subunits of NF-B (p65, p50) and AP-1 (c-fos, c-jun) did not increase, irradiation caused a rapid and persistent translocation of p65 and p50. An imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators may contribute to perpetuating intestinal inflammation, thus making it chronic.

intestine; inflammation; p65 and p50; c-jun and c-fos

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