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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 290/3/G557    most recent 00347.2005v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (8) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Canny, G. Articles by Colgan, S. P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Canny, G. Articles by Colgan, S. P.

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Functional and biochemical characterization of epithelial bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein

¹Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ²Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; ³Department of Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and ⁴Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Submitted 26 July 2005 ; accepted in final form 2 November 2005

Epithelial cells of many mucosal organs have adapted to coexist with microbes and microbial products. In general, most studies suggest that epithelial cells benefit from interactions with commensal microorganisms present at the lumenal surface. However, potentially injurious molecules found in this microenvironment also have the capacity to elicit local inflammatory responses and even systemic disease. We have recently demonstrated that epithelia cells express the anti-infective molecule bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). Here, we extend these findings to examine molecular mechanisms of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) BPI expression and function. Initial experiments revealed a variance of BPI mRNA and protein expression among various IEC lines. Studies of BPI promoter expression in IECs identified regulatory regions of the BPI promoter and revealed a prominent role for CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and especially Sp1/Sp3 in the basal regulation of BPI. To assess the functional significance of this protein, we generated an IEC line stably transfected with full-length BPI. We demonstrated that, whereas epithelia express markedly less BPI protein than neutrophils, epithelial BPI contributes significantly to bacterial killing and attenuating bacterial-elicted proinflammatory signals. Additional studies in murine tissue ex vivo revealed that BPI is diffusely expressed along the crypt-villous axis and that epithelial BPI levels decrease along the length of the intestine. Taken together, these data confirm the transcriptional regulation of BPI in intestinal epithelia and provide insight into the relevance of BPI as an anti-infective molecule at intestinal surfaces.

mucosa; infection; inflammation; transcription; intestine

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