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THEMES

Differentiation of the Gastric Mucosa II. Role of gastrin in gastric epithelial cell proliferation and maturation

Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Submitted 26 April 2006 ; accepted in final form 19 May 2006

Gastrin is the principal hormonal inducer of gastric acid secretion. The cellular targets for gastrin in the stomach are the acid-secreting parietal cell and histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Gastrin is also a growth factor, with hypergastrinemia resulting in increased proliferation of gastric progenitor cells and a thickened mucosa. This review presents insights into gastrin function revealed by genetically engineered mouse models, demonstrating a new role for gastrin in the maturation of parietal and ECL cells. Thus, gastrin regulates many aspects of gastric physiology, with tight regulation of gastrin levels required to maintain balanced growth and function of gastric epithelial cells.

stomach; gastric acid secretion; parietal cell; enterochromaffin-like cell; cholecystokinin-2 receptor

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