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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G335-G343, 2007. First published September 14, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00282.2006
0193-1857/07 $8.00
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MUCOSAL BIOLOGY

Polyamines are required for phospholipase C-{gamma}1 expression promoting intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding

Jaladanki N. Rao,1,3 Lan Liu,1,3 Tongtong Zou,1,3 Bernard S. Marasa,1,2 Dessy Boneva,1 Shelley R. Wang,3 Debra L. Malone,1,4 Douglas J. Turner,1,3 and Jian-Ying Wang1,2,3

1Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, and 2Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; 3Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore; and 4Medical Service, United States Air Force, Bethesda, Maryland

Submitted 23 June 2006 ; accepted in final form 7 September 2006

Intestinal mucosal restitution occurs by epithelial cell migration, rather than by proliferation, to reseal superficial wounds after injury. Polyamines are essential for the stimulation of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) migration during restitution in association with their ability to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis, but the exact mechanism by which polyamines induce cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) remains unclear. Phospholipase C (PLC)-{gamma}1 catalyzes the formation of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3), which is implicated in the regulation of [Ca2+]cyt by modulating Ca2+ store mobilization and Ca2+ influx. The present study tested the hypothesis that polyamines are involved in PLC-{gamma}1 activity, regulating [Ca2+]cyt and cell migration after wounding. Depletion of cellular polyamines by {alpha}-difluoromethylornithine inhibited PLC-{gamma}1 expression in differentiated IECs (stable Cdx2-transfected IEC-6 cells), as indicated by substantial decreases in levels of PLC-{gamma}1 mRNA and protein and its enzyme product IP3. Polyamine-deficient cells also displayed decreased [Ca2+]cyt and inhibited cell migration. Decreased levels of PLC-{gamma}1 by treatment with U-73122 or transfection with short interfering RNA specifically targeting PLC-{gamma}1 also decreased IP3, reduced resting [Ca2+]cyt and Ca2+ influx after store depletion, and suppressed cell migration in control cells. In contrast, stimulation of PLC-{gamma}1 by 2,4,6-trimethyl-N-(meta-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-benzenesulfonamide induced IP3, increased [Ca2+]cyt, and promoted cell migration in polyamine-deficient cells. These results indicate that polyamines are absolutely required for PLC-{gamma}1 expression in IECs and that polyamine-mediated PLC-{gamma}1 signaling stimulates cell migration during restitution as a result of increased [Ca2+]cyt.

mucosal injury; early mucosal repair; cell migration; capacitative Ca2+ entry; Ca2+ influx; Cdx2 gene; intestinal epithelium


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J.-Y. Wang, Dept. of Surgery, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201 (e-mail: jwang{at}smail.umaryland.edu)




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