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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G964-G974, 2007. First published December 7, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00338.2004
0193-1857/07 $8.00

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TRANSLATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY

Supramaximal CCK-58 does not induce pancreatitis in the rat: role of pancreatic water secretion

¹Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and ²CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and ³Digestive Diseases Division, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California

Submitted 29 July 2004 ; accepted in final form 22 November 2006

ABSTRACT

In contrast to supramaximal CCK-8 or caerulein, acute or prolonged supraphysiological levels of endogenous CCK-58 do not cause pancreatitis. Compared with CCK-8, CCK-58 is a much stronger stimulant of pancreatic chloride and water secretion, equivalent to maximally effective secretin, but with a chloride-to-bicarbonate ratio characteristic of acinar fluid. Because supraphysiological endogenous CCK does not cause pancreatitis and because coadministration of secretin ameliorated caerulein- or CCK-8-induced pancreatitis, coincident with restoring pancreatic water secretion, we hypothesized that supramaximal CCK-58 would not induce pancreatitis. Conscious rats were infused intravenously with 2 or 4 nmol·kg^–1·h^–1 of CCK-8 or synthetic rat CCK-58 for 6 h, and pancreases were examined for morphological and biochemical indexes of acute pancreatitis. A second group was treated as above while monitoring pancreatic protein and water secretion. CCK-8 at 2 nmol·kg^–1·h^–1 caused severe edematous pancreatitis as evidenced by morphological and biochemical criteria. CCK-58 at this dose had minimal or no effect on these indexes. CCK-58 at 4 nmol·kg^–1·h^–1 increased some indexes of pancreatic damage but less than either the 2 or 4 nmol·kg^–1·h^–1 dose of CCK-8. Pancreatic water and protein secretion were nearly or completely abolished within 3 h of onset of CCK-8 infusion, whereas water and protein secretion were maintained near basal levels in CCK-58-treated rats. We hypothesize that supramaximal CCK-58 does not induce pancreatitis because it maintains pancreatic acinar chloride and water secretion, which are essential for exocytosis of activated zymogens. We conclude that CCK-58 may be a valuable tool for investigating events that trigger pancreatitis.

pancreatic fluid secretion; cholecystokinin 8; cholecystokinin 58; acinar fluid secretion; pancreatic chloride secretion