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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G1195-G1199, 2007. First published December 7, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00553.2006
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THEMES

Regulation of Triglyceride Metabolism II. Function of mitochondrial GPAT1 in the regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis and insulin action

Maria R. Gonzalez-Baró,1 Tal M. Lewin,2 and Rosalind A. Coleman2

1Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; and 2Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Submitted 30 November 2006 ; accepted in final form 5 December 2006

GPAT1, one of four known glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase isoforms, is located on the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing reciprocal regulation with carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. GPAT1 is upregulated transcriptionally by insulin and SREBP-1c and downregulated acutely by AMP-activated protein kinase, consistent with a role in triacylglycerol synthesis. Knockout and overexpression studies suggest that GPAT1 is critical for the development of hepatic steatosis and that steatosis initiated by overexpression of GPAT1 causes hepatic, and perhaps also peripheral, insulin resistance. Future questions include the function of GPAT1 in relation to the other GPAT isoforms and whether the lipid intermediates synthesized by GPAT and downstream enzymes in the pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis participate in intracellular signaling pathways.

insulin resistance; diacylglycerol; lysophosphatidate; sterol regulatory element binding protein; hepatic steatosis


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: R. A. Coleman, Dept. of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461 (e-mail: rcoleman{at}unc.edu)






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