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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G1420-G1428, 2007. First published February 8, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00504.2006
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HORMONES AND SIGNALING

Phenotypic characterization of taste cells of the mouse small intestine

Kate Sutherland,1,3,* Richard L. Young,2,3,* Nicole J. Cooper,3 Michael Horowitz,2 and L. Ashley Blackshaw1,2,3

1Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and 2Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia; and 3Nerve Gut Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia

Submitted 29 October 2006 ; accepted in final form 6 February 2007

Nutrient-evoked gastrointestinal reflexes are likely initiated by specialized epithelial cells located in the small intestine that detect luminal stimuli and release mediators that activate vagal endings. The G-protein {alpha}-gustducin, a key signal molecule in lingual taste detection, has been identified in mouse small intestine, where it may also subserve nutrient detection; however, the phenotype of {alpha}-gustducin cells is unknown. Immunohistochemistry was performed throughout the mouse small intestine for {alpha}-gustducin, enteroendocrine cell markers 5-HT and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and brush cell markers neuronal nitric oxide synthase and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) lectin binding, singly, and in combination. {alpha}-Gustducin was expressed in solitary epithelial cells of the mid to upper villus, which were distributed in a regional manner with most occurring within the midjejunum. Here, 27% of {alpha}-gustducin cells colabeled for 5-HT and 15% for GLP-1; 57% of {alpha}-gustducin cells colabeled UEA-1, with no triple labeling. {alpha}-Gustducin cells that colabeled for 5-HT or GLP-1 were of distinct morphology and exhibited a different {alpha}-gustducin immunolabeling pattern to those colabeled with UEA-1. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase was absent from intestinal epithelium despite strong labeling in the myenteric plexus. We conclude that subsets of enteroendocrine cells in the midjejunum and brush cells (more generally distributed) are equipped to utilize {alpha}-gustducin signaling in mice. Intestinal taste modalities may be signaled by these enteroendocrine cells via the release of 5-HT, GLP-1, or coexpressed mediators or by brush cells via a nonnitrergic mediator in distinct regions of the intestine.

enteroendocrine cells; {alpha}-gustducin; glucagon-like peptide-1; 5-HT; Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: R. L. Young, Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Level 1 Hanson Institute, Frome Rd., Adelaide SA 5000, Australia (e-mail: richard.young{at}adelaide.edu.au)




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