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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294: G1-G8, 2008. First published October 18, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00437.2007
0193-1857/08 $8.00
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THEMES

Role of NKT cells in the digestive system. IV. The role of canonical natural killer T cells in mucosal immunity and inflammation

Gerhard Wingender and Mitchell Kronenberg

La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California

Submitted 24 September 2007 ; accepted in final form 18 October 2007

Lymphocytes that combine features of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are named natural killer T (NKT) cells. The majority of NKT cells in mice bear highly conserved invariant V{alpha} chains, and to date two populations of such canonical NKT cells are known in mice: those that express V{alpha}14 and those that express V{alpha}7.2. Both populations are selected by nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen-presenting molecules expressed by hematopoietic cells in the thymus: CD1d for V{alpha}14-expressing NKT cells and MR1 for those cells expressing V{alpha}7.2. The more intensely studied V{alpha}14 NKT cells have been implicated in diverse immune reactions, including immune regulation and inflammation in the intestine; the V{alpha}7.2 expressing cells are most frequently found in the lamina propria. In humans, populations of canonical NKT cells are found to be highly similar in terms of the expression of homologous, invariant T cell antigen-receptor {alpha}-chains, specificity, and function, although their frequency differs from those in the mouse. In this review, we will focus on the role of both of these canonical NKT cell populations in the mucosal tissues of the intestine.

innate immunity; colitis


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. Kronenberg, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), 9420 Athena Circle, San Diego, CA 92037 (e-mail: mitch{at}liai.org, URL:http://www.liai.org)






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