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LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT

Daily exercise increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation and prevents steatosis in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ²Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Departments of ³Nutritional Sciences, ⁴Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, ⁵Biomedical Sciences, and ⁶Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri; Columbia, Missouri

Submitted 21 September 2007 ; accepted in final form 2 January 2008

Exercise training is commonly prescribed for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We sought to determine whether exercise training prevents the development of NAFLD in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise on hepatic steatosis. Four-week-old OLETF rats were randomly assigned to either a sedentary control group (Sed) or a group given access to voluntary running wheels for 16 wk (Ex). Wheels were locked 2 days before euthanasia in the Ex animals, and both groups were euthanized at 20 wk old. Voluntary wheel running attenuated weight gain and reduced serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and triglycerides in Ex animals compared with Sed (P < 0.001). Ex animals exhibited significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride levels and displayed fewer lipid droplets (Oil Red O staining) and reduced lipid droplet size compared with Sed. Wheel running increased by threefold the percent of palmitate oxidized completely to CO₂ in the Ex animals but did not alter AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK) or AMPK phosphorylation status. However, fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) content were significantly reduced (70 and 35%, respectively), and ACC phosphorylation and cytochrome c content were significantly elevated (35 and 30%, respectively) in the Ex animals. These results unequivocally demonstrate that daily physical activity attenuates hepatic steatosis and NAFLD in an obese rodent model and suggest that this effect is likely mediated, in part, through enhancement of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and reductions in key protein intermediates of fatty acid synthesis.

wheel running; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; metabolic syndrome; physical activity; palmitate oxidation

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