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THEMES

Development and Physiological Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Absorption. III. Intestinal transporters and cholesterol absorption

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

Submitted 5 February 2008 ; accepted in final form 11 February 2008

Intestinal cholesterol absorption is modulated by transport proteins in enterocytes. Cholesterol uptake from intestinal lumen requires several proteins on apical brush-border membranes, including Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), scavenger receptor B-I, and CD36, whereas two ATP-binding cassette half transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8, on apical membranes work together for cholesterol efflux back to the intestinal lumen to limit cholesterol absorption. NPC1L1 is essential for cholesterol absorption, but its function as a cell surface transporter or an intracellular cholesterol transport protein needs clarification. Another ATP transporter, ABCA1, is present in the basolateral membrane to mediate HDL secretion from enterocytes.

Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein; scavenger receptors; ATP-binding cassette proteins

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