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MUCOSAL BIOLOGY

Epidermal growth factor receptor is involved in enterocyte anoikis through the dismantling of E-cadherin-mediated junctions

¹Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S872, Paris, F-75006, France; ²Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, F-75006, France; ³Université Paris Descartes-Paris 5, UMR S872, Paris, F-75006, France; and ⁴Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, F-75006, France

Submitted 30 April 2008 ; accepted in final form 25 November 2008

Enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium are continually regenerated. They arise from precursor cells in crypts, migrate along villi, and finally die, 3–4 days later, when they reach the villus apex. Their death is thought to occur by anoikis, a form of apoptosis induced by cell detachment, but the mechanism of this process remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that a key event in the onset of anoikis in normal enterocytes detached from the basal lamina is the disruption of adherens junctions mediated by E-cadherin (Fouquet S, Lugo-Martinez VH, Faussat AM, Renaud F, Cardot P, Chambaz J, Pincon-Raymond M, Thenet S. J Biol Chem 279: 43061–43069, 2004). Here we have further investigated the mechanisms underlying this disassembly of the adherens junctions. We show that disruption of the junctions occurs through endocytosis of E-cadherin and that this process depends on the tyrosine-kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Activation of EGFR was detected in detached enterocytes before E-cadherin disappearance. Specific inhibition of EGFR by tyrphostin AG-1478 maintained E-cadherin and its cytoplasmic partners β- and -catenin at cell-cell contacts and decreased anoikis. Finally, EGFR activation was evidenced in the intestinal epithelium in vivo, in rare individual cells, which were shown to lose their interactions with the basal lamina. We conclude that EGFR is activated as enterocytes become detached from the basal lamina, and that this mechanism contributes to the disruption of E-cadherin-dependent junctions leading to anoikis. This suggests that EGFR participates in the physiological elimination of the enterocytes.

intestinal epithelial cells; cell-cell junctions; anoikis; epidermal growth factor receptor; E-cadherin

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