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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296: G931-G935, 2009. First published February 26, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00001.2009
0193-1857/09 $8.00
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MUCOSAL BIOLOGY

Phytosterol glycosides reduce cholesterol absorption in humans

Xiaobo Lin,1 Lina Ma,1 Susan B. Racette,1,2 Catherine L. Anderson Spearie,3 and Richard E. Ostlund, Jr.1

1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, 2Program in Physical Therapy, and 3Center for Applied Research Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Submitted 6 January 2009 ; accepted in final form 19 February 2009

Dietary phytosterols inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption and regulate whole body cholesterol excretion and balance. However, they are biochemically heterogeneous and a portion is glycosylated in some foods with unknown effects on biological activity. We tested the hypothesis that phytosterol glycosides reduce cholesterol absorption in humans. Phytosterol glycosides were extracted and purified from soy lecithin in a novel two-step process. Cholesterol absorption was measured in a series of three single-meal tests given at intervals of 2 wk to each of 11 healthy subjects. In a randomized crossover design, participants received ~300 mg of added phytosterols in the form of phytosterol glycosides or phytosterol esters, or placebo in a test breakfast also containing 30 mg cholesterol-d7. Cholesterol absorption was estimated by mass spectrometry of plasma cholesterol-d7 enrichment 4–5 days after each test. Compared with the placebo test, phytosterol glycosides reduced cholesterol absorption by 37.6 ± 4.8% (P < 0.0001) and phytosterol esters 30.6 ± 3.9% (P = 0.0001). These results suggest that natural phytosterol glycosides purified from lecithin are bioactive in humans and should be included in methods of phytosterol analysis and tables of food phytosterol content.

diet; oils; mass spectrometry; deuterium


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: R. E. Ostlund, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington Univ. School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110 (e-mail: rostlund{at}dom.wustl.edu)






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