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INFLAMMATION/IMMUNITY/MEDIATORS

Inflammatory bowel disease causes reversible suppression of osteoblast and chondrocyte function in mice

Departments of ¹Physiology, ²Radiology, and ³Pathology, ⁴Cell and Molecular Biology Program, ⁵Center for Integrated Toxicology, and ⁶Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and ⁷Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Submitted 12 December 2008 ; accepted in final form 16 March 2009

Decreased bone density and stature can occur in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Little is known about how IBD broadly impacts the skeleton. To evaluate the influence of an acute episode of IBD on growing bone, 4-wk-old mice were administered 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 5 days to induce colitis and their recovery was monitored. During active disease and early recovery, trabecular bone mineral density, bone volume, and thickness were decreased. Cortical bone thickness, outer perimeter, and density were also decreased, whereas inner perimeter and marrow area were increased. These changes appear to maintain bone strength since measures of moments of inertia were similar between DSS-treated and control mice. Histological (static and dynamic), serum, and RNA analyses indicate that a decrease in osteoblast maturation and function account for changes in bone density. Unlike some conditions of bone loss, marrow adiposity did not increase. Similar to reports in humans, bone length decreased and correlated with decreases in growth plate thickness and chondrocyte marker expression. During disease recovery, mice experienced a growth spurt that led to their achieving final body weights and bone length, density, and gene expression similar to healthy controls. Increased TNF- and decreased IGF-I serum levels were observed with active disease and returned to normal with recovery. Changes in serum TNF- (increased) and IGF-I (decreased) paralleled changes in bone parameters and returned to normal values with recovery, suggesting a potential role in the skeletal response.

growth plate; cartilage; adipocyte; ulcerative colitis