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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Figures All Versions of this Article: 296/5/G982    most recent 90579.2008v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Foltz, M. Articles by Masclee, A. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Foltz, M. Articles by Masclee, A. A.

NEUROREGULATION AND MOTILITY

Intragastric layering of lipids delays lipid absorption and increases plasma CCK but has minor effects on gastric emptying and appetite

¹Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen; ²Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht; ³Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; and ⁴Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Submitted 6 October 2008 ; accepted in final form 17 March 2009

Intestinal intubation studies have demonstrated that lipids induce satiety, but the contribution of lipid processing by the stomach on satiety remains poorly understood. In this explorative, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study we tested whether delayed lipid absorption, increased cholecystokinin (CCK), decelerated gastric emptying (GE), and increased satiety can be achieved by controlling lipid distribution in the stomach. Six healthy men were intubated nasogastrically. Two treatments were performed and repeated in duplicate. In the oil-on-top treatment (OT), subjects received a fat-free liquid meal (LM, 325 ml, 145 kcal) followed by intragastric infusion of 4 g of high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil (4.6 ml, 36 kcal) labeled with 77 mg glyceryl-[¹³C]trioleate. In the emulsion treatment (EM, control), 4 g of labeled rapeseed oil was incorporated into the LM (325 ml, 181 kcal); 4.6 ml of saline was infused as a control. In OT and EM a second LM was consumed at time t = 270 min. Plasma ¹³C-C18:1, CCK and satiety were measured over 480 min. GE was determined by the paracetamol absorption test. OT delayed oleic acid absorption shown by an increased lag time of absorption (EM: 37 ± 7 min; OT: 75 ± 10 min; P < 0.01) and time at maximum concentration (EM: 162 ± 18 min; OT: 280 ± 33 min; P = 0.01). OT released more CCK than EM (P = 0.03), including increased CCK after the second meal. OT accelerated initial GE until 30 min postprandial. OT showed a tendency (P = 0.06) to suppress hunger and increase satiety and fullness 120–270 min postprandially. The results demonstrate that low amounts of lipids, when separated from the aqueous phase of a meal, delay lipid absorption and increase CCK. An escalating-dose study should determine whether this could have implications for the development of weight-control foods.

hunger; satiety; oleic acid; paracetamol absorption test; liquid meal