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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (January 16, 2002). doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00041.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print January 16, 2002
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 10.1152/ajpgi.00041.2001
Submitted on January 30, 2001
Accepted on January 14, 2002

Analysis of Human Cellular Retinol Binding Protein II Promoter Activity During Enterocyte Differentiation

Liang Zhang1, Xueping E1, Kathryn E Luker1, Jian-su Shao1, Marc S Levin1, Eunran Suh2, and Ellen Li1*

1 Department of Medicine, Washington Univeristy, St. Louis, MO, USA
2 Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eli{at}im.wustl.edu.

Cellular retinol binding protein II is a vitamin A binding protein, which is expressed specifically in the small intestine villus absorptive cells. Previous studies have shown that retinoic acid upregulates endogenous human CRBP II gene expression in differentiated Caco-2 cells. To examine the upregulation of human CRBP II expression in Caco-2 cells, we used receptor selective agonists and analyzed the 5'upstream flanking region of the human CRBP II gene. Stable transfection experiments showed that the proximal 2.8 kb region of the human CRBP II gene is retinoic acid inducible in differentiated Caco-2 cells. However direct sequence analysis and transient transfection experiments indicate that unlike the rat CRBP II promoter, the human CRBP II promoter is not a direct RXR target. The results suggest that retinoic acid responsiveness of the human CRBP II promoter is mediated by an indirect mechanism, and that this mechanism is associated with enterocyte differentiation.






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