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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (May 18, 2006). doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00102.2006
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Submitted on March 3, 2006
Accepted on May 3, 2006

Evidence for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Adult Liver Cells

Jason K Sicklick1, Steve S Choi2, Marcia Bustamante3, Shannon J McCall4, Elizabeth Hernandez Perez3, Jiawen Huang2, Yin-Xiong Li5, Marcos Rojkind3, and Anna Mae E Diehl2*

1 Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
2 Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
3 Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
4 Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
5 Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: diehl004{at}mc.duke.edu.

Both myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and hepatic epithelial progenitors accumulate in damaged livers. In some injured organs, the ability to distinguish between fibroblastic and epithelial cells is sometimes difficult because cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). During EMT, cells co-express epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers. To determine whether EMT occurs in adult liver cells, we analyzed the expression profile of primary HSC, two HSC lines, and hepatic epithelial progenitors. As expected, all HSC expressed HSC markers. Surprisingly, these markers were also expressed by epithelial progenitors. In addition, one HSC line expressed typical epithelial progenitor mRNAs, and these epithelial markers were inducible in the second HSC line. In normal and damaged livers, small ductular-type cells stained positive for an HSC marker. In conclusion, HSC and hepatic epithelial progenitors both co-express epithelial and mesenchymal markers, providing evidence that EMT occurs in adult liver cells.




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