Objectives: During acute and chronic inflammation visceral pain perception is altered. Conflicting data exist, however, on visceral pain perception in the post-inflammatory phase. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether visceral pain perception is altered after resolution of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced inflammation of the colon. Methods: Visceral sensory function in mice was assessed by monitoring behavioral responses to intracolonic capsaicin instillation. Two hours later the number of c-Fos positive neurons in lamina I/II and X of spinal cord segments T12/13- S1 was determined as a measure of neuronal activation. DSS-colitis was induced by adding 1% of DSS to the drinking water. The course of DSS-induced colitis was assessed by determining the disease activity index score. Results: Animals developed a transient colitis and had recovered at day 49. At this time point, cytokine levels and colon length were similar to control animals. Importantly, after resolution of DSS-colitis the behavioral response to intra-colonic capsaicin was increased compared to control mice. Moreover, capsaicin-induced spinal cord neuronal c-Fos expression was significantly increased. Interestingly, after colitis animals also exhibited referred somatic hyperalgesia as measured with von Frey hairs on the abdominal wall. Conclusions: We conclude that post-inflammatory visceral hyperalgesia occurs after resolution of DSS-colitis and that capsaicin-induced behavioral responses and spinal cord neuronal c-Fos activation are effective read-outs for determination of visceral pain perception.