The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of portal hypertension on agonist induced myosin phosphorylation and RhoA expression in vascular smooth muscle. A possible link to cAMP dependent events was also examined. Portal hypertension was produced by stenosis of the portal vein. Vessel segments were treated with or without 50µM of the protein kinase A inhibitor, Rp-cAMPS, for 30 minutes and subsequently stimulated with 10^-4 M phenylephrine. Myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation was detected by immunoblotting. Total RNA from first order mesenteric arteries and portal veins was isolated and amplified by RT-PCR using RhoA and GAPDH primers. RhoA protein expression was also measured in first-order mesenteric arteries using Western blot. Myosin phosphorylation in maximally stimulated first-order mesenteric arteries was significantly lower in portal hypertensive animals (19.9±2.86%) when compared with sham-operated control (43.8±3.53%). Inhibition of protein kinase A selectively increased myosin phosphorylation to 34.7±4.18%. Rp-cAMPS did not affect the phosphorylation of the portal veins or superior mesenteric arteries. RhoA mRNA and membrane associated RhoA protein expression in portal hypertensive first-order mesenteric arteries were significantly lower when compared with controls. Acute inhibition of PKA had no effect on RhoA mRNA expression. However, it restored membrane associated RhoA protein expression in portal hypertensive vessels to control levels. The results suggest that reductions in membrane-associated RhoA expression, which appears to be regulated by cAMP dependent events, leads to reduced myosin phosphorylation and may underlie the reduced vasoconstrictor effectiveness in the resistance vasculature of portal hypertensive intestine.