Spinal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract are the major pathways for visceral nociception. Many centrally acting analgesic drugs attenuate responses of visceral primary afferent fibers by acting at the peripheral site. The -amino butyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, acts via metobotropic GABA_B and ionotropic GABA_A /GABA_C receptors. The aim of this study was to test the peripheral effect of selective GABA_B receptor agonist baclofen on responses of the pelvic nerve afferent fibers innervating the colon of the rat. Distension-sensitive pelvic nerve afferent fibers were recorded from the S₁ sacral dorsal root in anesthetized rats. The effect of baclofen (1-300 µmol/kg) was tested on responses of these fibers to colorectal distension (CRD, 60 mmHg, 30 seconds). A total of 21 pelvic nerve afferent fibers were recorded. Mechanosensitive properties of 4 fibers were also recorded before and after bilateral transections of T₁₂-S₃ ventral roots (VR). Effect of baclofen was tested on 15 fibers (7 in intact rats, 4 in rats with transected VR, and 4 in rats pretreated with CGP 54626). In nine fibers (5/7 in intact and 4/4 in VR transected rats), baclofen produced dose-dependent inhibition of response to CRD. Pretreatment with selective GABA_B receptor antagonist CGP 54626 (1 µmol/kg) reversed the inhibitory effect of baclofen. Results suggest a peripheral role of GABA_B receptors in the inhibition of mechanotransduction property of distension-sensitive pelvic nerve afferent fibers.