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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (January 2, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00163.2002
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Submitted on June 24, 2002
Accepted on December 1, 2002

Effect of a solid meal on gastric emptying of, and the glycemic and cardiovascular responses to, liquid glucose in older subjects

Melanie K. Berry1, Antonietta Russo1, Judith M. Wishart1, Anne Tonkin2, Michael Horowitz1, and Karen L. Jones1*

1 Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A, Australia
2 Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: karen.jones{at}adelaide.edu.au.

Background: Gastric emptying is a determinant of the postprandial glycemic and cardiovascular responses to oral carbohydrate. Aims: To evaluate the effects of a solid meal on gastric emptying and the glycemic and cardiovascular responses to oral glucose in healthy older subjects. Subjects: Ten subjects aged 72.1 ± 1.9 yr were studied. Methods: Each subject had measurements of gastric emptying, blood glucose, serum insulin, blood pressure and heart rate on two days after ingestion of a 50g glucose drink (300 ml) with ("mixed meal") or without ("liquid only") a solid meal (300g ground beef). Results: Gastric emptying of liquid was initially slightly more rapid (P<0.05) after the "mixed meal" compared to "liquid only" at 5 min 92.0 ± 1.5% vs 96.0 ± 1.3%, and much slower (P<0.05) after 120 min. The time to the peak blood glucose was less (39.0 ± 4.0 vs 67.5 ± 10.3 min P<0.01) and blood glucose subsequently lower (P<0.01), after the "mixed meal". The increase in serum insulin was greater (P<0.001) after the "mixed meal". Blood pressure fell (P<0.05) in the first 30 min with no difference between the two meals. The increase in heart rate after both meals (P<0.005), was greater (P<0.05) after the "mixed meal". Conclusions: The presence of a non-carbohydrate solid meal has discrepant effects on "early" and subsequent emptying of a nutrient liquid, which affects postprandial glycemia and increased heart rate.




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