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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (November 15, 2007). doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00456.2007
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Submitted on October 4, 2007
Accepted on November 15, 2007

Endocannabinoids in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Fibrosis

Soeren V. Siegmund1 and Robert F. Schwabe2*

1 Medicine, University of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
2 Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rfs2102{at}columbia.edu.

Hepatic fibrosis is the response of the liver to chronic injury and is associated with portal hypertension, progression to hepatic cirrhosis, liver failure and high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. On a molecular level, a large number of signaling pathways have been shown to contribute to the activation of fibrogenic cell types and the subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. Recent evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system is an important part of this complex signaling network. In the injured liver, the endocannabinoid system is upregulated both at the level of endocannabinoids and the endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. The hepatic endocannabinoid system mediates both pro- and antifibrogenic effects by activating distinct signaling pathways that differentially affect proliferation and death of fibrogenic cell types. Here we will summarize current findings on the role of the hepatic endocannabinoid system in liver fibrosis, and discuss emerging options for its therapeutic exploitation.




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