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1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
2 Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: neuj{at}peds.ufl.edu.
Using a gastrostomy-fed (GF) rat infant "pup-in-a-cup" model, the effects of
protein deprivation and supplemental glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu) were
examined in order to test the hypothesis that Gln decreases the pro-inflammatory
response induced by LPS in the developing infant rat small intestine. Four groups
of 6-7d old pups were fed a rat milk substitute (RMS), one providing 100% and 3
providing 25% of normal protein intake for another 6d. Two of the 25% protein
fed groups received supplemental Gln or Glu. GF and LPS treatment blunted
body growth and intestinal villus height and increased intestinal cytokine-induced
neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) mRNA in the protein deprivated , non-Gln
treated group compared to mother-fed pups (p<0.05). Gln blunted intestinal CINC
mRNA (p<0.05) but Glu did not. Intestinal CINC peptide in the LPS treated pups
provided 100% and 25% protein was elevated about 13 fold compared to the
mother reared pups (p< 0.001). Gln and Glu decreased intestinal CINC peptide
by 73 and 80%, respectively. GF, LPS treated pups also had a higher level of
plasma CINC peptide (p<0.05). Gln, but not Glu decreased plasma CINC
peptide (p<0.05). An approximate 6-fold elevation of intestinal myeloperoxidase
(MPO) activity in the GF, LPS treated rats was decreased by Gln and Glu by
92% (p<0.001) and 54% (p<0.05), respectively. Intestinal and plasma TNF
were
increased in GF, LPS treated pups (p<0.01), and Gln and Glu both blunted this
increase (p<0.05) in the intestine, but not in the plasma. The results indicate that
Gln decreases the LPS-induced inflammatory response in infant rat intestine
under different conditions of protein intake.
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