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1 Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Division of Gastroenterology, Zurich, Switzerland
2 University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
3 Menne Biomed, Tuebingen, Germany
4 Department of Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite, Humboldt-University Berlin, Divisions Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
5 University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Zurich, Switzerland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: oliver.goetze{at}usz.ch.
The effects of macronutrients on gastric volume changes, emptying and on gastrointestinal symptoms are incompletely understood. Three liquid meals of 500 ml (fat-emulsion, 375 kcal; protein solution, 375 kcal; glucose solution, 400 kcal) were infused into the stomach of twelve healthy volunteers on three occasions. Studies were performed in seated body position using an open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. MRI imaging sequences, assessing stomach and meal volumes, were performed prior to and at times t = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60, 75, 90 minutes after meal administration. Areas under the curve for the early emptying phase (
t = 0-15 and 0-45 min) were calculated and characteristics of the volume curves were analyzed by a gastric emptying model. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by a self report scale. Initial (t = 0 min) and early postprandial gastric volumes were highest for glucose due to lower initial emptying. However, in the early emptying phase the characteristics of the volume curves for stomach and meal were uniform for all macronutrients. Perceptions of fullness and satiety were linearly associated with postprandial gastric volumes, but not with macronutrient composition. Isovolumic macronutrient meals modulate gastric volume response by initial meal emptying patterns. Macronutrient specific accommodation responses, as shown in barostat studies, are not reflected as gastric volume responses under non-invasive conditions.
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