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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (January 11, 2007). doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00554.2006
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Submitted on December 1, 2006
Accepted on January 5, 2007

Hormonal Regulation of Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue

Kathy Jaworski1, Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy1, Robin Duncan2, Maryam Ahmadian1, and Hei Sook Sul3*

1 Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
2 Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
3 Department Nutritional Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hsul{at}nature.berkeley.edu.

Triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in adipose tissue can be rapidly mobilized by the hydrolytic action of lipases, with the release of fatty acids (FA) that are used by other tissues during times of energy deprivation. Unlike synthesis of TAG, which occurs not only in adipose tissue but also in other tissues such as liver for VLDL formation, hydrolysis of TAG, lipolysis, predominantly occurs in adipose tissue. Until recently, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) was considered to be the key rate-limiting enzyme responsible for regulating TAG mobilization. However, recent studies on HSL-null mice have challenged such a concept. A novel lipase named desnutrin/ATGL has been recently discovered to play a key role in lipolysis in adipocytes. Lipolysis is under tight hormonal regulation. Although opposing regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue by insulin and catecholamines is well understood, autocrine/paracrine factors may also participate in its regulation. Intricate cooperation of these endocrine and autocrine/paracrine factors leads to a fine regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, needed for energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress made in the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.




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