Introduction: The intestinal Na+/glucose cotransporter SGLT1 displays rapid anticipatory diurnal rhythms in mRNA and protein expression. The vagus nerve has been implicated in the entrainment of some transporters. We aimed to clarify the influence of the vagus nerve on the diurnal entrainment pathway for SGLT1, and examine the role of vagal afferent fibres. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to three groups: total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, selective de-afferentation of the vagus with capsaicin, or sham laparotomy. Postoperatively, animals were maintained in a 12-hour light-dark cycle with food access limited to night. On the ninth postoperative day, animals were killed to harvest jejunal mucosa at 6-hour intervals starting at 10am. Whole-cell SGLT1 protein was measured by semi-quantitative densitometry of immunoblots. Sglt1 and regulatory subunit RS1 mRNA was assessed by quantitative-PCR. Fluorogold tracer technique was used to confirm adequacy of the vagotomy. Results: The diurnal rhythm in intestinal SGLT1, with a 5.3 fold increase in Sglt1 mRNA at 4pm, was preserved in both vagotomy and capsaicin groups. However, the rhythmicity in SGLT1 protein expression (2.3-fold peak at 10pm; p=0.041) was abolished following either total vagotomy or de-afferentation. Lack of change in RS1 mRNA suggests this is independent of the RS1 regulatory pathway. Conclusion: SGLT1 transcription is independent of the vagus. However, dissociation of the protein rhythm from the underlying mRNA signal by vagotomy suggests the vagus may be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of SGLT1, in an RS1 independent pathway. Disruption following afferent ablation by capsaicin suggests this limb is specifically necessary.