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1 Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and 2 Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
The epithelial lining of the
gastrointestinal tract forms a regulated, selectively permeable barrier
between luminal contents and the underlying tissue compartments.
Permeability across the epithelium is, in part, determined by the
rate-limiting barrier of the paracellular pathway
the most apical
intercellular junction referred to as the tight junction (TJ). The TJ
is composed of a multiprotein complex that affiliates with the
underlying apical actomyosin ring. TJ structure and function, and
therefore epithelial permeability, are influenced by diverse
physiological and pathological stimuli; here we review examples of such
stimuli that are detected at the cell surface. For example, luminal
glucose induces an increase in paracellular permeability to small
molecules. Similarly, but by other means, cytokines and leukocytes in
the vicinity of the epithelium also regulate TJ structure and
paracellular permeability by influencing the TJ protein complex and/or
its association with the underlying actin cytoskeleton.
epithelial cells; leukocytes
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