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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 288: G300-G307, 2005. First published September 30, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00274.2004
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MUCOSAL BIOLOGY

Ecabet sodium inhibits Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of NADPH oxidase 1 or apoptosis of guinea pig gastric mucosal cells

Kenji Kusumoto,1 Tsukasa Kawahara,1 Yuki Kuwano,1 Shigetada Teshima-Kondo,2 Kyoko Morita,2 Kyoichi Kishi,2 and Kazuhito Rokutan2

Departments of 1Nutritional Physiology and 2Stress Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

Submitted 25 June 2004 ; accepted in final form 20 September 2004

Helicobacter pylori LPS activates a homolog of gp91phox, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), in guinea pig gastric mucosal cells cultured in 10% FBS-containing medium. RT-PCR and Northern hybridization demonstrated that H. pylori LPS stimulated expression of Nox1 and a novel p47phox homolog (Noxo1) mRNAs with a peak at 4 h, followed by upregulation of superoxide anion (O2–) generation. Pretreatment with 10 mg/ml of a nonabsorbable antigastric ulcer drug, ecabet sodium (ecabet), completely blocked these two mRNA expressions and the upregulation of O2– production. Under low (0.1%)-FBS conditions, H. pylori LPS predominantly caused apoptosis of the cells. Ecabet completely blocked the LPS-triggered phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-{beta}-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and TAK1-binding protein 1, activation of caspase 8, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3, and appearance of apoptotic cells. In contrast, ecabet had no effect on ethanol- or etoposide-initiated apoptosis. The ecabet-pretreated cells exhibited the responsiveness to H. pylori LPS, similarly as untreated control cells did, when ecabet was removed by washing before the addition of H. pylori LPS. Incubation of H. pylori LPS with ecabet eliminated the toxic effects of the LPS, and nondenatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated the formation of higher molecular mass complexes between H. pylori LPS and ecabet, suggesting that ecabet may interact with H. pylori LPS and block the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Our results suggest that ecabet may suppress TLR4-mediated inflammation or accelerated apoptosis caused H. pylori infection.

Toll-like receptor 4; NADPH oxidase 1; NADPH oxidase organizer 1; superoxide anion


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: K. Rokutan, Dept. of Stress Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Univ. of Tokushima Graduate School, 3–18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770–8503, Japan (E-mail: rokutan{at}basic.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp)






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