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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 289: G2-G7, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00075.2005
0193-1857/05 $8.00
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THEMES

Epithelial Cells and Their Neighbors I. Role of intestinal myofibroblasts in development, repair, and cancer

D. W. Powell,1,2 P. A. Adegboyega,3 J. F. Di Mari,1 and R. C. Mifflin1

Departments of 1Internal Medicine, 2Neuroscience and Cell Biology, and 3Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas

Intestinal myofibroblasts are {alpha}-smooth muscle actin-positive stromal cells that exist as a syncytium with fibroblasts and mural cells in the lamina propria of the gut. Through expression and secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, and basal lamina/extracellular matrix molecules, as well as expression of adhesion molecules and receptors for many of the same soluble factors and matrix, myofibroblasts mediate information flow between the epithelium and the mesenchymal elements of the lamina propria. With the use of these factors and receptors, they play a fundamental role in intestinal organogenesis and in the repair of wounding or disease. Intestinal neoplasms enlist and conscript myofibroblast factors and matrix molecules to promote neoplastic growth, carcinoma invasion, and distant metastases.

stromal cells; mesenchymal-epithelial interaction; mesenchymal stem cells; matrix molecules; organogenesis; wound repair; tumorigenesis


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: D. W. Powell, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 Univ. Blvd., 0133, Galveston, TX 77555–0133 (E-mail: dpowell{at}utmb.edu)




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