Heme oxygenase represents the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron and biliverdin. Recent evidence suggests that several of the beneficial properties of HO, may be linked to CO. The objectives of this study were to determine if low-dose inhaled CO reduces remote intestinal leukocyte recruitment, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative stress elicited by hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Male mice underwent 1 hr. of hindlimb ischemia, followed by 3 hrs. of reperfusion. Throughout reperfusion, mice were exposed to AIR or AIR + CO (250 ppm). Following reperfusion, the distal ileum was exteriorized to assess the intestinal inflammatory response by quantifying leukocyte rolling and adhesion in submucosal post-capillary venules with the use of intravital microscopy. Ileum samples were also analysed for pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF- IL-1) and malondialdehyde (MDA), with the use of ELISA and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) assays respectively. I/R + AIR led to a significant decrease in leukocyte rolling velocity and 7-fold increase in leukocyte adhesion. This was also accompanied by a significant 1.3-fold increase in ileum malondialdehyde and 2.3-fold increase in TNF- expression. Treatment with AIR + CO led to a significant reduction in leukocyte recruitment and TNF- expression elicited by I/R, however MDA levels remained unchanged. Our data suggests that low-dose inhaled CO selectively attenuates the remote intestinal inflammatory response elicited by hindlimb I/R, yet does not provide protection against intestinal lipid peroxidation. CO may represent a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic treatment to target remote organs following acute trauma and/or I/R injury.