Increased plasma and hepatic TNF expression is well documented in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. We have previously shown that monocytes from alcoholic hepatitis patients show increased constitutive and LPS-induced NFB activation and TNF production. Our recent studies showed that chronic ethanol exposure significantly decreased cellular cAMP levels in both LPS stimulated and un-stimulated monocytes and Kupffer cells leading to an increase in LPS-inducible TNF production by affecting NFB activation and induction of TNF mRNA expression. Accordingly, the mechanisms underlying this ethanol induced decrease in cellular cAMP leading to an increase in TNF expression were examined in monocytes/macrophages. In this study chronic ethanol exposure was observed to significantly increase LPS-inducible expression of cAMP specific phosphodieterase (PDE) 4B that degrades cellular cAMP. Increased PDE4B expression was associated with enhanced NFB activation and transcriptional activity and subsequent priming of monocytes/macrophages leading to enhanced LPS-inducible TNF production. Selective inhibition of PDE4 by rolipram abrogated LPS mediated TNF expression at both protein and mRNA levels in control and ethanol treated cells. Notably, PDE4 inhibition did not affect LPS-inducible NFB activation but significantly decreased NFB transcriptional activity. These findings strongly support the pathogenic role of PDE4B in the ethanol-mediated priming of monocytes/macrophages and increased LPS-inducible TNF production and the subsequent development of ALD. Since enhanced TNF expression plays a significant role in the evolution of clinical and experimental ALD, its down-regulation via selective PDE4B inhibitors could constitute a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of ALD.